Melasma Explained: Dermatologist Explains Why These Stubborn Dark Patches Appear And How You Can Treat Them

Melasma is a common dermatological condition that involves the development of stubborn, dark patches of skin, which mainly occur on the face, including the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and nose bridge. The patches develop as a result of the overproduction of melanin by melanocytes, which is mainly stimulated by exposure to sunlight, hormonal changes such as those experienced during pregnancy, menopause, or the use of oral contraceptives, and genetic factors. According to dermatologists, ultraviolet rays stimulate the production of melanin, and estrogen and progesterone levels worsen the condition, which mainly affects women, especially those of Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI. Although melasma is not harmful, it affects the self-esteem of patients because of its symmetrical and patchy nature.

In addition to hormones and sunlight, other causes such as certain medications, cosmetics, thyroid conditions, and stress can also be contributing factors to the persistence of melasma, making it difficult to treat. In conversation with The Daily Jagran, Dr Neeharika Goyal, Consultant- Dermatologist, Svastam Wellness, New Delhi, explains why melasma appears and how to treat it.

Causes Of Melasma

Melasma is a combination of several conditions: too much exposure to the sun, hormonal changes, genetics, and some medications. The melanocytes are stimulated by UV exposure, which can also darken the patches. Dr Neeharika Goyal states, “Some other factors that can contribute to exacerbating this condition include stress and your skin care practices that aren’t suitable for your skin.” The first step towards managing the condition is understanding its causes.

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Why Melasma Is Easily Manageable

Although it can be stubborn, melasma can be treated quite effectively with proper and consistent care. Early diagnosis and proper skin care regimens can make a world of difference. Most dermatologists will say that the best key to melasma treatment is the combination of sun protection, creams, and lifestyle modification. Proper care can work wonders in lightening the skin areas and controlling them.

Melasma Causes (Image Credits: Canva)

Effective Treatment Methods And Care Practices

Sunscreen is the foundation. Broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher should be used daily to block any further darkening. Dr Neeharika Goyal states, “Those used on the skin to treat the condition are hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, retinoids, and Vitamin C.” Sometimes, the professionals may also recommend chemical peeling, lasers, or micro needling.

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Lifestyle And Preventive

A healthy lifestyle helps manage melasma, which means keeping out of the sun, wearing protective clothing, managing stress, and using non-stripping skin care products. It’s important to be consistent, and then you will see results slowly.

However, melasma can be quite persistent, and yet it is not an unmanageable skin condition. Once you get professional advice and suggestions from your dermatologist, you can control the situation and prevent the skin from getting further affected and unhealthier.